【操作系统】LVM的组建与挂载教程
一、背景
在当前业务环境中，为了满足对大容量存储的需求并提升磁盘空间的统一管理能力，计划将服务器中可用的 12 块裸盘（sda~sdl）通过 LVM 的方式整合为一个逻辑卷（LVM），通过把多块物理磁盘组合成一个统一的逻辑存储池，实现简化容量管理、提升扩容灵活性的目的。本次操作会清空目标磁盘上的所有数据，因此在执行前需确认磁盘中无重要数据或已完成备份
二、LVM创建和挂载步骤
1、查看磁盘信息
通过lsblk命令查看当前操作系统中磁盘信息，可以看到这12块盘当前都没有挂载使用，没有MOUNTPOINT信息
[root@k2data-41 ~]# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT sda 8:0 0 7.3T 0 disk sdb 8:16 0 7.3T 0 disk sdc 8:32 0 7.3T 0 disk sdd 8:48 0 7.3T 0 disk sde 8:64 0 7.3T 0 disk sdf 8:80 0 7.3T 0 disk sdg 8:96 0 7.3T 0 disk sdh 8:112 0 7.3T 0 disk sdi 8:128 0 7.3T 0 disk sdj 8:144 0 7.3T 0 disk sdk 8:160 0 7.3T 0 disk sdl 8:176 0 7.3T 0 disk
2、创建 Physical Volume（PV）
通过pvcreate命令将12块磁盘创建为物理卷，即PV
[root@k2data-41 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd /dev/sde /dev/sdf /dev/sdg /dev/sdh /dev/sdi /dev/sdj /dev/sdk /dev/sdl Physical volume "/dev/sda" successfully created. Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created. Physical volume "/dev/sdc" successfully created. Physical volume "/dev/sdd" successfully created. Physical volume "/dev/sde" successfully created. Physical volume "/dev/sdf" successfully created. Physical volume "/dev/sdg" successfully created. Physical volume "/dev/sdh" successfully created. Physical volume "/dev/sdi" successfully created. Physical volume "/dev/sdj" successfully created. Physical volume "/dev/sdk" successfully created. Physical volume "/dev/sdl" successfully created. [root@k2data-41 ~]# pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda lvm2 --- <7.28t <7.28t /dev/sdb lvm2 --- <7.28t <7.28t /dev/sdc lvm2 --- <7.28t <7.28t /dev/sdd lvm2 --- <7.28t <7.28t /dev/sde lvm2 --- <7.28t <7.28t /dev/sdf lvm2 --- <7.28t <7.28t /dev/sdg lvm2 --- <7.28t <7.28t /dev/sdh lvm2 --- <7.28t <7.28t /dev/sdi lvm2 --- <7.28t <7.28t /dev/sdj lvm2 --- <7.28t <7.28t /dev/sdk lvm2 --- <7.28t <7.28t /dev/sdl lvm2 --- <7.28t <7.28t
3、创建 Volume Group（VG）
将12个物理卷组成物理卷组，即VG，并命名为 vg_data
[root@k2data-41 ~]# vgcreate vg_data /dev/sda /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd /dev/sde /dev/sdf /dev/sdg /dev/sdh /dev/sdi /dev/sdj /dev/sdk /dev/sdl Volume group "vg_data" successfully created [root@k2data-41 ~]# vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree centos 1 3 0 wz--n- <1.63t 0 #之前的卷组信息 vg_data 12 0 0 wz--n- <87.33t <87.33t #刚创建的卷组信息
4、创建 Logical Volume（LV）
创建一个逻辑卷lv_data，并且将刚才物理卷组的全部空间都分配给该逻辑卷
[root@k2data-41 ~]# lvcreate -l 100%FREE -n lv_data vg_data Logical volume "lv_data" created. [root@k2data-41 ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert home centos -wi-ao---- 100.00g root centos -wi-ao---- 1.52t swap centos -wi-a----- 4.00g lv_data vg_data -wi-a----- <87.33t
5、格式化 LV
[root@k2data-41 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/vg_data/lv_data meta-data=/dev/vg_data/lv_data isize=512 agcount=88, agsize=268435455 blks = sectsz=4096 attr=2, projid32bit=1 = crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0 data = bsize=4096 blocks=23442075648, imaxpct=1 = sunit=0 swidth=0 blks naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1 log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=521728, version=2 = sectsz=4096 sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1 realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
6、挂载分区
mkdir /data mount /dev/vg_data/lv_data /data
7、开机自动挂载
编辑 /etc/fstab
bash -c 'echo "/dev/vg_data/lv_data /data xfs defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab'
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